Chapter 2.- The production of speech sounds

          

            I noticed that muscles are contracting when we speak. For that reason, is important to know the different parts of the vocal tract, so they are called articulators. Also, articulatory phonetics studies articulator. There are seven articulators such as lips, pharynx, soft palate, hard palate, tongue, teeth.  They are the main ones used in speech. Moreover, I saw the differences between vowels and consonants such as vocoids and contoids. Vocoids because there is not obstruction to air flow while Contoids there is. Besides, the distribution of vowels and consonant is different for each language as English cardinal vowels are located on a four side figure: from, back ,close, open.

Chapter 1.- Introduction

This unit is a brief introduction how phonetics and phonology are used in a language. Besides, students should be careful about accents of English such as England and Britain have different accents. It recommends speakers to use BBC pronunciation, so it is used in recent editions of the Cambridge English Pronunciation Dictionary http://dictionary.cambridge.org/help/phonetics.html, and has an excellent pronunciation about difficult words and names. Pronunciation was not popular in a language teaching theorists, but learners must try to speak effective with BBC pronunciation, and communicate with native speakers more effective.